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In zoological nomenclature, a ''nomen dubium'' (Latin for "doubtful name", plural ''nomina dubia'') is a scientific name that is of unknown or doubtful application. In bacteriological nomenclature, nomina dubia may be placed on the list of rejected names by the Judicial Commission. The meaning of these names is uncertain. Other categories of names that may be treated in this way (rule 56a) are: *ambiguous names, ''nomina ambigua'', have been used with more than one meaning *names causing confusion, ''nomina confusa'', are based on a mixed culture *perplexing names, ''nomina perplexa'', confusingly similar names *perilous names, ''nomina periculosa'', names that may lead to accidents endangering life or health or with potential serious economic consequences In botanical nomenclature the phrase ''nomen dubium'' has no status, although it is informally used for names whose application has become confusing. In this regard however, its synonym ''nomen ambiguum'' is of more frequent use. In botany, such names may be proposed for rejection. ==In zoology== In case of a ''nomen dubium'' it may be impossible to determine whether a specimen belongs to that group or not. This may happen if the original type series (i. e. holotype, isotypes, syntypes, and paratypes) is lost or destroyed. The zoological and botanical codes allow for a new type specimen, or neotype, to be chosen in this case. A name may also be considered a ''nomen dubium'' if its name-bearing type is fragmentary or lacking important diagnostic features (this is often the case for species known only as fossils). To preserve stability of names, the ''International Code of Zoological Nomenclature'' allows a new type specimen, or neotype, to be chosen for a ''nomen dubium'' in this case. 75.5. Replacement of unidentifiable name-bearing type by a neotype. When an author considers that the taxonomic identity of a nominal species-group taxon cannot be determined from its existing name-bearing type (i.e. its name is a ''nomen dubium''), and stability or universality are threatened thereby, the author may request the Commission to set aside under its plenary power (81 ) the existing name-bearing type and designate a neotype.〔(International Code of Zoological Nomenclature ) (4th edition, 1999)〕 For example, the crocodile-like archosaurian reptile ''Parasuchus hislopi'' Lydekker, 1885 was described based on a premaxillary rostrum (part of the snout), but this is no longer sufficient to distinguish ''Parasuchus'' from its close relatives. This made the name ''Parasuchus hislopi'' a ''nomen dubium''. Texan paleontologist Sankar Chatterjee proposed that a new type specimen, a complete skeleton, be designated.〔Case 3165, (''Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature'' 58:1 ), 30 March 2001.〕 The International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature considered the case and agreed in 2003 to replace the original type specimen with the proposed neotype.〔Opinion 2045, (''Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature'' 60:2 ), 30 June 2003.〕 A current example is the Omani owl (''Strix omanensis''). It was formally described in the journal Dutch Birding in 2013. But because no type specimen was collected, it has been suggested that ''Strix omanensis'' should be considered a nomen dubium until a neotype is designated.〔Case 3648, (''Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature'' ), 26 February 2014.〕 However, this view has not yet been considered by the ICZN. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「nomen dubium」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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